武汉市公众参与湖泊保护模式研究—以“爱我百湖”湖泊保护志愿者行动为例

Abstract

中国公众参与环境保护曾被认为缺乏独立性和实质性，在地方层面尤甚。但武汉“爱我百湖”湖泊保护志愿者行动的创新发展，表明在地方立法仍有不足的背景下，自下而上公众参与的独立性却正在增强，并逐步获得真正的参与决策机会。“爱我百湖”志愿者行动，通过创设“民间湖长制”，独立组织和发动志愿者湖泊调查和科普宣传，与地方媒体和环境保护NGO密切合作，积极参加监督和电视问政，并逐步参与到规划听证、湖泊公园管理与地方性湖泊保护法规修订程序之中，提升了普通市民的湖泊保护意识，壮大了环保公益组织，促使一些长期存在的湖泊环境问题得以解决，并成为倒逼地方政府改革的一种重要草根力量。 Public participation has been thought of lack of independence and substance in China. But The “Love our 100 Lakes” lake protection volunteer action in Wuhan is one kind of innovation and de-velopment of the Chinese volunteer action, which proves that in the context of local regulations anomie in China, the independence of bottom-up public participation is growing at the local level, and the volunteers gradually get real opportunities to participate in decision-making. The “Love our 100 Lakes” volunteers’ action, through creating “Grassroots Lake Administrator”, organizes and mobilizes volunteers to inspect and survey lakes independently, propagate popular science in communities and schools. With the close cooperation to the environmental protection NGO and local media, the volunteers actively participate in environmental supervision and the TV politics. The volunteers have gradually participated in planning hearing, lake parks management and local lake protection regulations amendment. These actions have upgraded the citizens’ lake protection consciousness, helped the local nongovernment environmental protection organizations devel-opment, prompted some long-term existing of lake environmental problems to solution, and even forced the local governments to reform.