Урологические осложнения трансплантированной почки.

Abstract

Introduction. Renal transplantation is the standard of medical care in the treatment of patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease. It increases patient survival in the next five years by 87-93%. Urological complications after transplantation remain one of the main problems – on average they amount to 4-14%. Material and methods. We searched for publications in the PubMed and eLibrary databases using the keywords «kidney transplantation», «urological complications», «post-transplantation period», «urinary leakage», «ureteral stricture», «vesicoureteral reflux». As a result of the search, 57 sources were selected that were used when writing the literature review. Results. By reviewing various studies of complications in the post-transplant period, we identify and characterize the main urological complications of renal transplantation, such as urine leak, hematuria, ureteral stricture, kidney stones and vesicoureteral reflux. The article also reflects the ways of correcting these complications. Conclusions. The analysis showed that proper preoperative urological evaluation of the recipient and correction of urodynamic disorders are crucial to prevent the development of complications; the survival of the transplant directly depends on a multidisciplinary team approach to kidney transplantation and the inclusion of a urologist in the pre- and postoperative monitoring of the patient.