СУЧАСНА ТЕОРІЯ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ

Abstract

International trade is a system of international commodity-monetary and economic relations, consisting of foreign trade of all countries of the world. International trade is the central link of the link of global economic relations, mediating almost all types of international division of labor and connecting all countries of the world into a single international economic system. The purpose of the article is to highlight the problematic aspects of the modern theory of international trade. Methods used in the research: comparison, comparative analysis, systematization and logic, etc. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that trade is a means by which countries can develop specialization, increase the productivity of their resources and, in general, increase the total volume of production (develop as a whole). Presenting main material. Economic and political risks in international trade are determined by geographic, political, and demographic factors. Modern international trade is dynamic. The structure and volumes of exports and imports of the turnover of various countries and regions of the world are rapidly and continuously changing. Originality and practical significance of the research. Modern theories of international trade either develop the principles of classical theories, extending them to a larger number of goods, countries and factors of production, or study certain aspects of international trade that for some reason remained unexplained by classical theory. Conclusions. The competitiveness of large national firms is certainly oriented towards national ones. To analyze their activities, Porter's concept of the value chain (value chain, production chain) is used, i.e. the set of business operations of the firm during which it creates added value. Concentration on the company's most expensive links of this chain (for example, R&D and sales) and the transfer of other operations to partner firms (foreign or domestic small and medium-sized enterprises) allows TNCs to maximize the production of added value. For example, the American company Nike dominates the world market of sportswear and shoes, but it almost does not produce them itself, because it distributes orders mainly to foreign partner companies and specializes in design and logistics.