Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the meaning of protection for female workers who were active as industrial warriors for the modernization of Japan through the records of Japan's first assistant female factory supervisor, Tanino Setsu. In Japan, many studies on Japanese modernization and female workers have progressed. However, in the confrontational relationship between capitalists and workers, studies focused on female workers in poor working conditions.
 The protection of female workers is deeply related to the meaning of “maternity protection” both before and after the war, and the “maternity protection” is inextricably related to women's labor policy. During the total war period, Japan's women's labor policy forced the mobilization of women, focusing on the maternity protection centered on women's bodies, in harmony with the population policy. Tanino emphasized labor patriotism as a labor administrator, but on the other hand, based on the results of the survey on what should be prioritized for female workers before labor patriotism, she raised problems and suggested improvements.
 Tanino maintained her position as a labor administrator during the total war system. However, her papers and reports show the meaning and limitations of protecting female workers in wartime Japan.
Published Version
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