Формирование шишек сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) в условиях изменения климата

Abstract

On the example of a number of provenances of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) of 39 years of age, growing in provenance tests of the Arkhangelsk region (62°54΄ n. w.), as well as natural plantings, the reaction of morfometric indicators of mature macrostrobiles (cones) is shown to change the climatic conditions of growth. It is shown that the formation of cones in the offspring of the provenance of Scots pine from the Murmansk region (67°51΄ s. w.) and from the Leningrad region (60°00΄ s. sh.) occurs with morphometric deviations associated with a reaction to simulated warming or cooling compared to the location of the original plantings. The manifestation of a response to both warming and cooling has been established in direct and derived indicators of cones and their structural parts, as well as in the form diversity of cones. The manifestations of different levels of genetic control over the response of linear and mass indicators during the formation of cones in altered environmental conditions are shown, which can lead to a change in the density of the cone tissues. It is proved that during climatic changes, the parameters of cones will change — weight, size, with relative preservation of morphotypes (apophysis forms), which can lead to a change in the number of fertile seed scales, their dimension and affect the yield of seeds. It has been established that the reaction of the scots pine to climatic changes by the vegetative and generative spheres shows its rather similar direction of manifestation during cooling and warming, and can be associated with both the characteristics of populations and their geographical location in the area of the breed.