Изучение фенотипических характеристик ретросортов Hemerocallis х hybrida hort. для их использования в образовательных и просветительских целях

Abstract

This article presents the results of studying the variability of some phenotypic characteristics of retro cultivars of Hemerocallis x hybrida hort. under the influence of selective selection. The sample is formed from the collection fund of the laboratory of ornamental plants of the Main Botanical Garden RAS and includes cultivars created in different countries in the period from the middle of the XIX century to the early 1960s of the XX century. In the course of research, it was found that the most variable — in the composition of the studied morphometric signs of generative shoot — is the number of flowers on the peduncle. Its limits of variability are: 7 pc. (cultivar ‘Summer Pride’) and 23 pc. (cultivar ‘Frans Hals’), and the coefficient of variation is 30 %. At the same time, the number of simultaneously opened flowers on the peduncle changes insignificantly. The height of the generative shoot is also characterized by a significant amplitude of variability. The coefficient of variation is 21 %, the minimum and maximum sampling limits are 74,3 cm (cultivar ‘Frans Hals’) and 150,2 cm (cultivar ‘Autumn Red’). A high level of variability was also noted for the distance between the leaf level and the lower flower in the inflorescence: min = 2,7 (cultivar ‘Autumn Red’), max = 50,3 (cultivar ‘Kwanso’), the coefficient of variation is 63 %. Within the framework of the studied sample of retro cultivars H. x hybrida, the absence of a relationship between the height of the generative shoot and the size of the flowers (r = –0,11 for the length of the flower, (r = 0,03 for its width), as well as the distance between the leaf level and the lower flower in the inflorescence (r = 0,17) was revealed. In the course of studying the variability of the linear dimensions of the pericarp in the diameter of the flower, the presence of multidirectional breeding selection was noted, a tendency to its gradual decrease was revealed in the width of the flower. To realize the potential possibilities of using the studied sample of retro cultivars H. x hybrida for educational and educational purposes, options for their placement on the main territory of the Main Botanical Garden are proposed.