Abstract
The relevance of studying the parameters of operation of liquid ring vacuum pumps and the development of new designs is due to their demand in the agro-industrial complex. The paper provides a description of the cavitation phenomena that occur during the operation of a liquid ring vacuum pump. Cavitation degrades pump performance and can often cause failure. It can occur due to: low barometric pressure; large vacuum suction height; high temperature of the pumped liquid; additional pressure loss in the pump impeller. To identify the possibility of cavitation in a liquid ring vacuum pump, a cavitation characteristic is compiled. It is based on testing the pump at a constant flow rate of the working fluid and the speed of the impeller, performed on a special installation, the scheme of which is presented in the article. Cavitation phenomena in a liquid ring vacuum pump with water occur at a vacuum above 90%. For a single-stage liquid ring vacuum pump, this value corresponds to a vacuum range of 20-10 kPa, for a two-stage one - 10-1 kPa. A photo of the impeller blades of a liquid ring vacuum pump exposed to cavitation is presented. The formula for calculating the cavitation coefficient, which characterizes the cavitation reserve, is given. Its value depends on the design of the considered pump and the operating conditions of its operation and can be determined empirically. Practical recommendations are offered to prevent the occurrence of cavitation phenomena: decrease in water temperature; improving the accuracy of model selection; equipping the pump with an air ejector; use as a working fluid with a low content of saturated steam; production of the impeller from materials with increased anti-cavitation properties
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