ГРАФІЧНА ГІБРИДИЗАЦІЯ СУЧАСНОЇ ФРАНЦУЗЬКОЇ ЛЕКСИКИ

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of American borrowings in French of the 21st century. Americanisms in French keep their graphic form and change French orthography, its principles and system. All spheres of social being are borrowing from American English. In the field of food the French vocabulary has borrowed from American English snack-bar, brunch, fast-food, pop-corn, hot-dog, cocktail, coca-cola. In some words the orthography is simple, based on phonetical principles. In the case of bar, fast, pop, corn, dog, coca, cola there is no problems to write or to read these words. But other substantives have brought specific orthograms (ck, un, op, h, ail) and modify the French graphic inventory: snack, brunch, food, hot, cocktail. The cultural sphere has received many units from American English: hip-hop, rock-and-roll, rock`n`roll, hard rock, heavy metal, jazz rock, punk rock, grunge. Some americanisms enrich French graphic with digrams ck, ea, zz, un or aphonograms (h), apostrophe (rock`n`roll) etc. Borrowed americanisms with English orthography can create homophone series in french: crack (cocaine) – crac! (crac!) – crack (crack) – crack (favorite trotter) – craque, craques, craquent (verb "to crack") – craque (fib) – krach (crash failure) – krak (castle). Barrowed orthograms complicate French graphic. They have no new phonems but add superfluous graphems in French inventory. Etymological orthograms reproduce the linguocultural traditions of language. They shape the high graphostyle of language and please young people who loves to use Anglicisms and Americanisms with authentic orthography. Graphic features of English loan-words result into hybridization of French vocabulary, complicate orthography, extend the linguocultural domain and insure the ethnosociolinguistical loyalty of both languages and cultures.