Abstract

위상형 직선격자에 가간섭 광원인 레이저 광을 조명하였을 때 이 격자가 렌즈없이 회절에 의하여 결상되는 자체결상 현상(또는 렌즈없는 결상)을 회절이론으로 해석하고 실험적으로 조사하였다. 위상형 격자의 위상분포가 강도분포로 바뀌면서 1:1 로 결상하는 자체결상거리( <TEX>$Z_{T,a}$</TEX>)를 진폭형 직선격자의 자체결상시 정의되는 자체결상거리 <TEX>$z_{T,a}$</TEX>를 이용하여(4n-3) <TEX>$z_{T,a}$</TEX>/4(n=양의 정수)와 같이 새로이 정의하였다. 실험적으로 <TEX>$z_{T,p}$</TEX>= <TEX>$z_{T,a}$</TEX>/4와 <TEX>$z_{T,p}$</TEX>=5 <TEX>$z_{T,a}$</TEX>/4에서 위상형 직선격자를 이용하여 자체결상거리에서 자체결상이 되는 것을 확인하였으며, <TEX>$z_{T,p}$</TEX>=3 <TEX>$z_{T,a}$</TEX>/4위치에서는 이 자체결상된 상의 위상이 반전되는 현상도 동시에 관찰하였다. 이러한 자체결상시 격자의 수에 따라 자체결상된 상의 가시도를 FFT(fast Fourier transform)로 처리하여 측정한 결과, 위상형 직선격자는 15 개 이상의 직선격자들로 구성되어야만 자체결상된 상의 가시도가 최대값 0.10 근처에서 일정하게 유지됨을 알 수 있었다.일정하게 유지됨을 알 수 있었다. The self-imaging effect or lensless imaging effect of a phase line grating is theoretically analyzed by using Fresnel diffraction theory, then experimentally investigated. The self-imaging distance <TEX>$z_{T,p}$</TEX>, that is the imaging distance being perfectly copied from the phase distribution of the phase grating to its intensity distribution with the magnification of 1X, can be uniquely defined as the (4n-3) <TEX>$z_{T,a}$</TEX>/4(n=positive integers), where rte is the well-known self-imaging distance of an amplitude grating. When the coherent laser beam is illuminated at the phase grating, the self-imaged images were obtained at <TEX>$z_{T,p}$</TEX>= <TEX>$z_{T,a}$</TEX>/4 and <TEX>$z_{T,p}$</TEX>=5 <TEX>$z_{T,a}$</TEX>/4 without any optics. On the other side, the phase-reversed self-imaging was obviously observed at <TEX>$z_{T,p}$</TEX> = 3 <TEX>$z_{T,a}$</TEX>/4. The visibility of self-imaged images of a phase line grating as a function of the number of slits of the input grating was measured by the FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) results of the self-imaging images. As a result a stationary maximum visibility of V = 0.10 can be obtained from a grating with more than 15 slit pairs.n 15 slit pairs.

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