Теоретико-методологічні витоки інноваційних теорій

Abstract

Back in the second half of 20th century, in the structural dynamics of world scientific and technological progress as a continuous process of improving the technical and material base of social production and its organization on the basis of the implementation of scientific knowledge, the qualitatively new tendencies in the innovatization of the international economy began to crystallize. Thus, taking into account the exceptional importance of innovations in the global processes of manufacturing the competitive intellectual and knowledge-intensive industrial products, as well as their prospective powerful impact on the profitability of financial and economic activities of business and entrepreneurial structures, questions concerning the disclosure of the genesis and evolution of innovative theories appear to be of key importance. The article analyzes economic theories such as mercantilism, Marxism, classical political economy, and neoclassical direction of economic theory. The contribution of physiocrats to the development of the theoretical discourse of innovation of economic activity is characterized. A general distinguishing feature of the modern stage of development of theories of innovative development is they are based upon the institutional paradigm. In recent decades, in its theoretical discourse there is an unprecedented surge in scientific interest, which is associated with the systemic impact of scientific, technical and innovative progress on the effectiveness of financial and economic activities of economic entities. From the point of view of the study of the processes of nanoindustrialization, the largest number of rational elements seems to be included in the evolutionary innovative theory, which is observed as the most adequate «conceptual matrix» for a systematic substantiation of its essence and driving forces of development. In addition, evolutionary innovative theory is most capable of developing a modern theoretical and methodological base for a comprehensive study of the processes of transition of world production to nanotechnological developments that can raise it to a qualitatively higher stage of its evolution.