조선 후기 산수화의 臨流像 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the types and artistic significance of paintings, Imnyueuninsang (hermits idling away the time by a stream) during the late Joseon period. In addition to the paintings, the study is focused on the ancient Chinese literary sources that influenced them, including Lanting Xu (“Preface to the Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion”) by Wang Xizhi (307–365), Gui Qu Lai Ci (“Returning Home after Resigning”) by Tao Yuanming (365-427), Zhongnan Biey (“Villa in the Zhongnan Mountains”) by Wang Wei (701-761), Yu Fu (“The Fisherman”) by Qu Yuan (343? BCE – 277 BCE?), Heo Yu of Gaoshizhuan (“Biographies of Eminent Officials”) by Huangfu Mi (215–282), and Shanju (“Mountain Villa”) by Luo Dajing (1196-1242). The works studied here are classified into three categories; Imnyubusisang, Imsuganunsang, and Imnyutakjoksang. The images in the first category, i.e., Imnyubusisang (hermits writing poetry by a stream), are related with the effort of human beings to find peace and comfort in nature, which may be summarized by the passage, changseoyujeong (暢敍幽情; “exchange of feelings”). As for Imsuganunsang (hermits watching clouds and having a friendly conversation by a stream), the passage Haengdosugungcheo Jwaganungisi (行到水窮處 坐看雲起時; “reaching the place where the valley stream ends and watching the clouds floating in the sky”) was proved to be related to the meaning of Junghwawiyuk (中和位育; “nurturing in harmony and equality”) in Commentary on the Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong Zhangju) and the Gyeokmulchiji (格物致知; “insightful investigation of things”) in Commentary of the Great Learning (Daxue Zhangju). It provides the main themes, namely a peaceful reign by a holy ruler and a supreme academic achievement of a noble scholar. Finally, in Imnyutakjoksang (hermits washing their feet by a stream), Changnyangtakjok (滄浪濯足; “washing the feet in Changnyang River”) and Seitakjok (洗耳濯足; “washing the ears and feet”) are based on Chulcheojiri (出處之理; “principle of advancement and retreat”), in other words, the idea that a wise man needs to know when to come forward and when to move back.