Безопасность производственной деятельности локомотивного депо

Abstract

The main factors are considered related to influencing the environment and human health of the production activities of a locomotive depot as one of the main structural units of railway transport. It is noted that the variety of technological processes at the locomotive enterprises causes a wide range of negative consequences for the health of employees and the ecology of adjacent residential areas. Industrial emissions from the locomotive depot enterprises are related to the priority ingredient air pollutants. They have a unidirectional effect, which significantly increases the risk to human health. The main technological processes affecting the state of atmospheric air in the depot territory include rheostat testing of locomotives, drying and filling of sand into locomotives, and combustion of organic fuel in the boiler rooms. The main measures to reduce the negative impact of these processes are analyzed from the point of view of the best available technologies. The sources of air pollution in the working premises of locomotive depot enterprises are considered. It is noted that the greatest hazard to the employees of the enterprise is represented by the production areas where welding, gas-cutting and paintwork are carried out. Pollutants entering the environment from these areas lead to disruptions in the functioning of the human respiratory and circulatory systems, causing allergic, work-related and occupational diseases. Measures are proposed to bring the air in the working area to sanitary and hygienic standards. Special attention is paid to the organization of environmental control points in the areas with the largest multi-component emissions, both in the open area of the locomotive depot and in the industrial premises. This will allow to objectively and promptly assess the negative environmental effect, adjust environmental measures and as a result improve the environmental and industrial safety of the activity of this structural subdivision of the railway transport.