Abstract
Purpose. Analyze the concept of bullying, determine its social and legal nature. Based on the analysis, formulate your own definition of bullying. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study are general and special methods of scientific knowledge of socio-legal phenomena and processes. In particular, these are such methods as: historical-legal, dialectical, formal-logical, system-structural, statistical, etc. The theoretical basis of this publication were the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the study of bullying. The scientific novelty of the publication is that for the first time the definition of bullying has been comprehensively studied, its types have been singled out, the phases of its development (ladder of bullying) have been determined, and the concept of bullying has been given. Conclusions. If the problem of school bullying has been widely studied in the world since the 1980s, the attention of Ukrainian researchers to this issue has intensified only in the last decade (the first studies in Ukraine began only in 2005). This is primarily due to the fact that bullying has become widespread among Ukrainian schoolchildren (or, perhaps, society has become more likely to witness bullying as a result of horrific videos of children bullying each other). According to the WHO, Ukraine ranks in the top ten countries in Europe in terms of its prevalence among 11–15-year-old schoolchildren. Disappointing indicators make us think about the problem of all those who can help solve it – parents, teachers, human rights activists, psychologists and, of course, managers who shape education policy. However, in order to develop effective mechanisms to combat school bullying, it is necessary to operate with objective and relevant data on the current situation related to the phenomenon, to understand its social and legal character. Keywords: bullying; violence; school violence; physical violence; economic violence; sexual violence; psychological violence; phases of bullying development; mobbing.
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