Биоэтические аспекты применения репродуктивных технологий

Abstract

The demographic situation in the modern world is problematic: the birth rate is declining, the rates of primary and secondary infertility are progressively increasing. Assisted reproductive technologies are methods to solve the problem of infertility. From the point of view of bioethics, there are a number of controversial issues: determining the personal status of the embryo, the ratio of risks and benefits for participants in the procedures, the possibility of cryopreservation, the destruction of “extra embryos”, etc. The purpose of our research was to study the attitude of the population to assessing the importance of bioethical aspects of the use of assisted reproductive technologies. During the study, an anonymous survey was conducted on the Google platform. The study involved 104 respondents of both sexes (83 women, 21 men) of various ages, mostly (59.6 %) in the category of 15–20 years. The survey questions were aimed at determining the degree of awareness of the participants about the problem of infertility and assisted reproductive technologies, the bioethical issues that they affect, as well as the subjective attitude to the use of these methods. Most of the respondents had an idea about the goals of assisted reproductive technologies and the bioethical problems that they generate. The survey participants noted the importance of communication between a doctor and a patient as one of the factors that makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies protocols: sympathy and moral support should be considered the basic norms of communication between a doctor and a patient with an infertility issue.