ЛЕКСИЧНІ ТРУДНОЩІ ПЕРЕКЛАДУ ЮРИДИЧНОЇ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЇ

Abstract

The article deals with the main concepts of legal translation; the peculiarities of the translation of legal terminology; the definition of the “term”, “legal term”; the characteristics of the legal term, and features of legal translation; the difficulties of translating legal terminology. The database and dictionaries of legal terms of the German-Ukrainian direction of translation are involved in the translation analysis. The content of this article confirms that terminology in scientific research appears as an object of translation studies. In the fields of lawmaking, judiciary, jurisprudence and education use a legal term. Legal term is a word or phrase that expresses the concept of the legal sphere of public life and has a definition in the legal literature (laws, legal dictionaries, reference books, encyclopedias, scientific papers etc.). Particular attention is paid to the classification of legal terms and the difficulties that often hinder translators. The translation of a legal text causes many difficulties related to the uniqueness of the legal language, linguistic and cultural inequality between the original language and the language of translation, the difference in the legislative systems, and linguistic traditions. Difficulties due to the legal nature of the term and inconsistencies in the legal systems of different countries play a special role. We have suggested ways to overcome language difficulties through lexical-semantic transformations and techniques. These are techniques such as transcoded borrowing, calquing, analog replacement, descriptive and explanatory translation, modulation, concretization, generalization, addition, omission. These methods help to preserve the meaning of terminological units with a possible replacement of their structure. In our opinion the most expedient solutions to translation language problems are descriptive translation, addition, calquing. These methods preserve the semantic meaning of the original term and reproduce it as clearly as possible in the target language. The article indicates the need to continue further development in a certain direction on the material of German-language legal discourse and the search for new ways to overcome difficulties in the translation of German-language legal terminology.