이규경의 악률 변증설에 대한 연구

Abstract

This study aims to examine the dialectic theory on traditional music in Oju
 yeonmun jangjeon sago presented by Lee Gyugyeong, an intellectual in the late
 Joseon Dynasty. It focuses on his approach to the '12-tone theory', the
 'length, circumference, and diameter of the hwangjong-pitch pipe', the
 'method of using climate and seasons', and 'yuljun' (律準, lit. rule).
 First, the 12-tone theory was based on the Eastern philosophy proved
 through the theory of Bang lee Ji, a Chinese Ming scholar. The relationship
 between yin and yang was an important factor in this theory. In particular,
 this theory was intended to prove the hwangjong-pitch pipe in the Lüshi
 Chunqiu, an old Chinese literature. Lee Gyugyeong asserted that it meant the
 distance between the first-note and the last-note hole of the hwangjong -pitch
 pipe, and interpreted that seven notes could be produced by opening the hole
 within the distance one by one.
 Secondly, regarding the length, circumference, and diameter of the
 hwangjong -pitch pipe, Lee Gyugyeong emphasized that the circumference and
 diameter should be obtained through the bottom area and volume of the
 hwangjong-pitch pipe, and the circumferential ratio of 3.14 should be used.
 Therefore, it can be assumed that the hwangjong-pitch pipe suggested by Lee
 Gyugyeong was 3.46 in diameter, 10.86 in circumference, 9 pun (分) in bottom
 area, and 810 pun in volume.
 Third, Lee Gyugyeong thought that it was a very practical way to determine
 a pitch pipe using climate and seasonal factors. In particular, it might have
 been important for those who made a living in agriculture.
 Finally, while experiencing yanggeum (hammered dulcimer), Lee Gyugyeong saw that it was appropriate to set the tone based on the string. Therefore, to
 confirm this, he dialectized the music theory of ancient Chinese scholars and
 them applied it to music at the time. Therefore, he emphasized that the
 method of setting tones based on strings should be made based on 12 tones
 and revealed that geomungo (plucked zither) was used to set tones based on
 its strings in Joseon Dynasty.