ЛИВНЕВАЯ ЭРОЗИЯ НА ОБЫКНОВЕННЫХ ЧЕРНОЗЕМАХ

Abstract

Purpose: to determine the amount of soil loss depending on rainfall intensity under various crops and agricultural backgrounds, including applying soil protection methods and measures. Materials and methods: field experiments on slopes with various agricultural crops and bare fallow, artificial sprinkling, considering soil loss by measuring ravines, visual and instrumental observations for the amount of soil projective cover by plants. Study of the water-physical properties of soils according to generally accepted methods. Results. According to the results of field observations from 1973 to 2021 and artificial sprinkling in the experiments, the dependence of the amount of soil loss on bare fallow and in crops on rain intensity was established. A grouping of agricultural crops according to erosion resistance was fulfilled, correction factors for soil loss were derived depending on the degree of projective soil cover by plants. It was revealed, due to which factors the soil protection from washout is carried out with the contour-strip cropping of bare fallow and row crops with continuous seeding crops. Conclusions. The bulk of washed-out soil from erosion during rain showers reaches 65.5 t/ha on fallows, 38.6 t/ha on row crops and 0.3–2.4 t/ha on perennial grasses, depending on the surface slope, the value of projective soil cover by plants, applied soil protection methods, agrotechnical measures and agricultural backgrounds, creation of a nanorelief on the surface of bare fallow and inter row-spacing row crops.