Abstract
Purpose: to investigate the intensity of manifestation of erosion processes under various crops and agricultural backgrounds on the slopes during heavy rains. Methods: laying field experiments on slopes with main crops and bare fallow, registering soil washout by measuring gullies, visual observations of the value of the projective cover of soil surface by plants, studying the main physical and water-physical properties of top soil. Results. The data of field observations for the period from 1973 to 2021 of soil washout during heavy rains under various crops, bare fallow, agrobackgrounds are analyzed depending on the steepness of the slope, the magnitude of the projective cover of soil surface by plants, and the tillage techniques. The influence of the mechanical action of tools and mechanisms during the care of bare fallow on the agrophysical properties of top soil and their influence on the washout during heavy rains with different amounts of precipitation has been established. Soil washout during heavy rains under various agricultural crops depends on the size of the projective soil cover with vegetation. After harvesting cereals and leguminous crops, soil tillage even to a depth of 10–12 cm significantly reduces erosion processes from heavy rains. Conclusions. Soil washout during heavy rains depends on the amount of precipitation in one rain, surface slopes, the amount of projective cover of top soil with vegetation, and tillage techniques in the post-harvest period.
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