Анемия при кровотечении у животных

Abstract

Iron is essential to virtually all living organisms and is integral to multiple metabolic functions. The most important function is oxygen transport in hemoglobin. Iron deficiency anemia in dogs and cats is usually caused by chronic blood loss and can be discovered incidentally as animals may have adapted to the anemia. Severe iron deficiency is characterized by a microcytic, hypochromic, potentially severe anemia with a variable regenerative response. Iron metabolism and homeostasis will be reviewed, followed by a discussion of diagnostic testing and therapeutic recommendations for dogs and cats with iron deficiency anemia. Severe iron deficiency is characterized by microcytic, hypochromic, potentially severe anemia with variable regenerative response. Iron metabolism and homeostasis will be reviewed, followed by diagnostic testing and therapeutic recommendations for dogs and cats with iron deficiency anemia. In chronic cases, the characteristic symptoms develop slowly, gradually progressing. The course and outcome of posthemorrhagic anemia depend on the etiological factors that led to blood loss, and on the functional usefulness of the hematopoietic organs, as well as other body systems as a whole (age, pregnancy, fatness…). The diagnosis is based on the data of anamnesis, clinical examination of the animal, as well as on the basis of the results of a laboratory study of the composition of peripheral blood. Treatment. It is necessary to stop the bleeding and establish the causes that caused blood loss. With external injuries, this is achieved by tight tamponade of wounds, the application of a tourniquet, etc. With internal bleeding, drugs are used that increase blood clotting and cause contractions of small blood vessels. For these purposes, calcium chloride and calcium gluconate are injected intravenously at a 10% concentration of 10-20 ml. To stop internal bleeding, intravenous injections of 10% calcium chloride solution, 10% gelatin solution, 5% ascorbic acid solution are used. Use blood transfusion, the introduction of isotonic sodium chloride solution, Ringer-Lock solution. From stimulants: glycerophosphate, hemostimulator, preparations of cobalt, copper. In chronic cases, specific antianemic agents are used, including preparations of iron, copper, cobalt, vitamin B12, and folic acid. It is useful to feed raw liver to dogs.