ІСТОРИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ОДЕСЬКИХ ВОКЗАЛІВ

Abstract

The historical features of the formation of Odessa railway stations are considered. It was discovered that the history of railway construction in Ukraine began in 1854 with the construction of a railway branch from Odessa to Parkan, which was the beginning of the rich history of the Odessa railway and railway stations. There were 5 stations in total: "Freight" – a warehouse station and a large station (1865); "Odessa-Main" railway station (first – 1884, existing – 1944 – 1952); "Odessa-Port" railway station (1907 – 1910); Kuyalnytsky station (1873); "Odessa- Passenger" railway station (1914). And a few more temporary and auxiliary ones: "Narkhoz" Station (1944); Station "Odessa-Mala" (1903); Station "Odessa-East" (1970). One of the main achievements of the research is the discovery and study of the formation of the "Bread Town" – on the outskirts of the city of Odessa at the beginning of the 20th century, which was a large warehouse complex, where a dense building of warehouses, warehouses and shopping areas was formed between the railway tracks. The remnants of the Bread Town quarter setting are now city blocks, retaining working rail tracks only at the edges. In the realities of the present time, the importance of the Ukrainian railway and its role in the development of the economy and the process of restoration of the affected cities and territories were revealed. And also the question of the need to reform the structure of the railways arose acutely: the cargo and passenger flow, connected with military realities, increased many times and forced to change the main modes of transportation. It turned out that the new reality requires greater adaptability from the transport infrastructure.