Досвід розвитку газовидобувної галузі США

Abstract

We present a comparative analysis of the actual (2000–2017) and predicted parameters of the Energy Strategies of 2006 and 2013 on natural gas production in Ukraine. The time history of volumes of natural gas production and consumption in the world and USA during 2000–2017 is investigated. The time history of volumes of traditional and non-conventional gas production in the USA is analyzed. The state of proven reserves of natural gas from different fields (gas and gas-condensate fields, oil fields, coal basins, shale rock, and tight sands) and the connection with the volume of its production are given. Specific features of the organization of hydrocarbons production in the USA, in particular, the small business activity in this industry, are explored. It is proved that an important element of the US state policy on development of oil and gas industry is the implementation of tax preferences, the earliest of which is over 100 years old, while the newest one is just over 10. It has been shown that the present flexible system of tax preferences in the country makes it possible to profitably exploit fields and produce hydrocarbons, including natural gas from hard-to-recover reserves (shale rock and tight sands). The time history of prices for natural gas and electricity for different categories of consumers in the USA during 2000–2017 is considered. The mutual influence of volumes of natural gas consumption, its production, and its prices as well as electricity prices for the main categories of consumers is analyzed. The US experience, especially that сoncerning state incentives and support for the development of gas industry, should be taken into account in generating forecasts for the development of this industry in Ukraine and the directions for their execution.