Глобальность радиовидимости низкоорбитальных космических аппаратов

Abstract

Design optimization of the orbital and target groups of spacecrafts, ground-based control facilities and reception of target information is impossible without taking into account the global visibility of the spacecraft by ground-based means. The estimation of this parameter is traditionally performed using numerical methods for calculating spacecraft flight paths over long time intervals and does not allow us to visualize the relationship between the trajectory parameters and the effectiveness of the systems. The article considers several variants of analytical methods for calculating the global visibility, which allows us to evaluate the capabilities of operational control of the spacecraft and to obtain target information, the load of ground-based means, the volume of transmitted (received) information and the effectiveness of systems. The conclusion of the ratios for calculating the globality coefficient, graphs of its changes for low-orbit spacecraft, and an estimate of the accuracy of the obtained ratios are given. The graphs of global visibility make it easy to determine the optimal characteristics of the space-time structures of the created systems at the initial stage of design. Estimates of the accuracy of the results were obtained using «accurate» spacecraft flight models and confirm the recommendations for the practical application of the research results. The results obtained are of practical interest in the design of any space spacecraft systems in circular orbits.