Антропогенное изменение ландшафтов Грузии в XIX–XX веках

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During the period of 19th–20th centuries, there wasn’t cardinal scales of environmental degradation on the territories of Georgia, like in many regions of the world. However, this does not mean that there are no significant anthropogenic modifications to the landscape. At different times these changes were of varying intensity and territorial proportions. The aim of this study is to determine the scale of changes in various landscapes in Georgia during this period of time and the main driving forces behind them. In order to achieve this goal, the population density, the specific share of agricultural lands, especially the number of polluting industrial sites, etc., were determined by individual landscapes. It was determined which anthropogenic impacts (resettlement and large-scale construction, water and air pollution, transport, uncontrolled nature use, etc.) became the major determinants of this or that landscape. There have been identified the landscapes where the speed of use of natural resources is significantly higher than that natural resources of self-repair. The study identified 6 categories of anthropogenic transformation of Georgian landscapes. On the basis of research the degree of anthropogenic transformation of Georgia’s landscapes were established. Practically completely and strongly changed landscapes occupy only 20 % of the whole area of Georgia.The greatest area, almost 60 % of Georgia occupied by poorly changed landscapes.