Поведенческие реакции пресноводных моллюсков перловица Unio pictorum на бытовые производные нефтепродуктов

Abstract

Petroleum products are one of the most common pollutants in water environments. Despite the fact that they do not belong to the mass of particularly dangerous toxic substances, their presence in the surface film, in dissolved form and sedimentary material adversely affects the life of marine and freshwater native flora and fauna. The list of sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations “Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and drinking water pipes” specifies only general cartographic and design requirements. Thus, the purity and safety of fresh water used for irrigation and human activity without regular monitoring remains questionable. Bioelectronic monitoring of oil pollution in water sources using laboratory flow systems or submersible autonomous meters is becoming more and more relevant. Since field experiments with in these studies are in most cases impossible, it is logical to base on the results of laboratory experiments that are as close as possible to natural conditions. Under laboratory conditions, the possibility of automated detection of some common household derivatives of petroleum products in surface water sources is evaluated using a bioelectronic complex and bivalve freshwater mollusks (Unio pictorum) as part of environmental monitoring. The probability of actual detection of used petroleum products is estimated as “high” for diesel fuel, “medium” for kerosene and white spirit, and “low” for engine oil and brake fluid. The probability of detection as toxicants: “high” for diesel fuel, “medium” for white spirit, “low” for kerosene, engine oil and brake fluid.