К экологии эвритрофных дереворазрушающих грибов Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. и Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. в Красноярске и его окрестностях

Abstract

This paper is devoted to the review of the environmental and trophic characteristic features of eurytrophic wood-destroying fungi in Krasnoyarsk and its nearest suburbs in habitat conditions with various anthropogenic loads. The research covered forest stand within the green areas of the city (including islands of the Yenisei River), forest areas at the outskirts of the city and in «Stolby» state nature reserve. The research included two species of tinder fungus widely spread in the Northern hemisphere: Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. (confined to various hardwoods, mostly birch) and Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. (confined to trees of various species). Both species of fungi are facultative parasites. The research showed that these species of fungi use quite a restricted set of host substrates showing a pretty narrow range of trophic preferences, despite the presence of numerous species of trees suitable for them at the surveyed area. F. fomentarius uses birch, poplar and aspen as a substrate within the researched area. It is very rarely found at other wood species. The trophic range of the highly eurytrophic species F. pinicola is represented here mostly by a few coniferous species, such as pine, fir and spruce tree. This fungus is present at birch trees and aspen much more rarely. These species of tinder fungi were not found at other wood species of the surveyed area. F. fomentarius is very often found at birches in the areas with minimal anthropogenic load (in «Stolby» nature reserve) and becomes less numerous with the increasing manthropogenic load. The situation is the contrary with poplar: F. fomentarius is rarely found at poplar in the areas with low or medium anthropogenic load, but often destroys poplar wood in the areas with the increased anthropogenic load (within the green space of urban areas). Moreover, F. fomentarius is often found in parklands, rather than along the roadside lanes. F. pinicola is typical for ecosystems with low anthropogenic load and prefers coniferous wood species. It is mostly found in ecosystems of “Stolby” natural reserve, mainly on fir and pine species.