ФАКТОРЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ НОВЫХ ГОРОДОВ В 21 ВЕКЕ

Abstract

The article describes and analyzes the current approach to urban planning on the example of two emerging cities: Iskandar, Malaysia and Songdo, South Korea. The aims and objectives of the modern city as a multifunctional, sustainable, flexible and competitive environment of the future. The article also describes forming factors and enterprise. The main ones are industrial enterprises, the intersection of roads and external transport. Examines the specific characteristics and problems of the cities of Songdo and Iskandar that are associated with the geography of the place, climate, socio-economic and cultural context, lack of resources, cultural values and other aspects. Special attention was paid to the description of the development planning strategies of cities and their common problems associated with the scale, speed of growth, development and management of complex and dynamic objects. It identifies the community in shaping the modern urban environment, regardless of climate, cultural, political and socio-economic contexts. The construction of a new city from scratch is not a new idea. In the XX century in the world of urban planning practice shows a huge number of examples. The most interesting foreign experience, where during the XX century was observed four waves of development of new towns, and were submitted to various concepts. New cities provide a unique opportunity to learn from the wisdom and functionality of the existing towns and avoid the mistakes of the past, allowing us to re-create ways of using cities. The ambitious projects of urban scale are subject to numerous risks associated with economic feasibility, suitability for housing and the lack of dynamism, as demonstrated by many post-war and the new colonial cities. New cities offer unprecedented opportunities to experiment with innovative ideas, learn from past mistakes, to reproduce the beauty and energy created by the city and integrate technologies from the earliest stages. Starting from scratch means that new cities have the potential to resolve and improve problems of existing cities to be more intelligent and less wasteful and more socially open and creative.