Образ войны в мультфильмах США 1941–1945 гг.

Abstract

Studies of propaganda in Allied countries during World War II for the most part concern either printed matter or cinema, while animated films (cartoons) have been much less investigated in this regard. The present article is devoted to the representation and reflection of World War II in American cartoons in 1941–1945 — an unusual and little-studied issue in Russian historiography. Specific examples and artistic features, as well as approaches to the use of cartoons as a means of propaganda, are considered. Within the framework of the article, samples of propaganda cartoons were analyzed, a certain typology of setting images and placing accents was derived, and conclusions were drawn about the importance of animation in the development of propaganda. Specific examples show the transformation of animation to suit military interests and the connection of the largest (and not only) film industry representatives with the state. Also, within the framework of the article, it was analyzed how the state interacted with animators and studios, along with how it itself was involved in the creation of propaganda and animation films. In particular, the history and activities of the “First Motion Picture Unit” and the first results of its work at the beginning of the war were considered. The case studies showed how American animation was modified in response to new needs and characteristics of the market, how existing characters were used for propaganda purposes and new works were created, as well as what stereotypes about America’s opponents were formed in cartoons. The article is based on literature and sources on the topic.