ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЗАДАЧ ПОБУДОВИ БЕЗДРОТОВИХ СЕНСОРНИХ МЕРЕЖ

Abstract

The research of problems of construction of wireless sensor networks is carried out in the work, the main stage of their decision is development of models of the description of a sensor network and the corresponding methods, technologies of maintenance of necessary parameters of quality of functioning of a sensor network. The study involves the consideration of basic technologies and standards in which there is an opportunity to implement the creation of wireless sensor networks. The basis of wireless sensor networks are communication channels organized between network elements using appropriate wireless technology. The main tasks of building wireless sensor networks: determining traffic parameters; determining the list of services; development or selection of a network model; determination of network functioning indicators; solving the problem of compromise between the quality of operation, traffic and resources. A number of wireless networking technologies are widespread in corporate networks, use an unlicensed frequency band, and in private networks, which allows their use in a number of tasks, due to the density of devices that support them and the availability of technology. A number of technologies do not support the functions of self-organization of the communication network. Such mechanisms can be implemented using software and related protocols at the network level. Existing technologies have the ability to organize communication from tens to tens of thousands of meters. For specific applications, it is one of the essential factors in choosing the appropriate technology. The probability of connectivity in wireless sensor networks depends on the structure and parameters that determine the network: characteristics of the service area (volume, flat, configuration, geometric dimensions), number of network nodes, characteristics of communication capabilities of network elements, antenna patterns, standards and protocols, communication range, transmitter power), features of the involved routing protocols. Features of providing connectivity in wireless sensor networks lie in the possibility of using gateways built using various technologies, which can significantly expand the capabilities of wireless networks in increasing the likelihood of connectivity. A feature of the construction of wireless sensor networks are significant differences in traffic servicing in the networks of different technologies used. Indicators of the quality of wireless networks, such as bandwidth, delay, probability of loss are interdependent and show how effectively the sensor network works. When you change one of the performance indicators of wireless sensor networks, it affects other quality indicators.