Роль пастбищных растений в экологии полупустыни

Abstract

In the territories of the South of Russia in semi-desert zones, livestock breeders perform one of the important tasks in solving the food program, in particular, the production of meat products, cattle and small cattle. Currently, livestock breeders are experiencing difficulties in pasture fodder production, in connection with this, we have worked out restoration work with the introduction of more resistant and highly productive plants of halophytes (gray teresken - (Eutoria ceratoides (L.), prostrate kochia - Kochia prostrata (L.), Lessing's camphorosma - (Camphorosma lessingii Litv.), etc.), which withstand droughts due to a powerful and deeply penetrating root system. Based on our recommendations, these projects have been put into production in the Republic of Kalmykia and the Astrakhan Region. The Tersko-Kuma lowland of the Chechen Republic also covers semi-desert zones, precipitation during the growing season is limited, on average 300-350 millimeters, summer days are quite hot, evaporation exceeds precipitation, which negatively affects vegetation and ecological condition. zones. It negatively affects pastures, as mentioned above, livestock breeders experience difficulties due to the lack of pasture fodder. To change the existing conditions, it is necessary to restore and improve degraded pastures by reseeding more resistant shrubs, semi-shrubs and herbaceous plants that can consume moisture deep in the soil. Such types of plants were tested at the Caspian Research Institute and the All-Russian Research Institute of Feeds. V.R. Williams. Using these experiences in production, it is possible that we will correct the lack of food supply, the biodiversity of vegetation and improve the ecological state in the Terek-Kuma lowland of the Chechen Republic.