СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ АКСИАЛЬНО-РОТОРНЫХ МОЛОТИЛЬНО-СЕПАРИРУЮЩИХ УСТРОЙСТВ

Abstract

The authors studied the model of an axial-rotary threshing-and-separating unit (RF Patent No. 1665246) to expand the technological capabilities and adapt it to the changing conditions of grain harvesting. In the developed unit, the cage parts (a feeder, a threshing and separating part, a straw separating part and a straw unloading part) are freely connected with one another and can rotate independently. The unit also provides changing rotation speed of the cage parts relative to the rotor as they counter-rotate, co-rotate, or are at a complete stop. The study results describing the threshing and separation of the Rostovchanka and Severodonskaya wheat varieties and lupine-grass mixed crops with different moisture content can prove the validity of the developed scheme with independent rotation of the cage parts. The treshing and separation of the Rostovchanka and Severodonskaya wheat varieties and mixed lupine-grass crops were studied at grain moisture content of 9.6…13.0%, straw moisture content of 10.3…15.0%, ratio of grain-to-straw mass of 1:1.6…1.8. The authors have found that the operation of the rotor and the rotating cage in each separate part of the threshing unit has an impact on the threshing process. The best capacity results of the axial-flow threshing-and-separating unit are obtained when the rotor, the feeder cage and the threshing and separating cage co-rotate, or when the rotor and the cage of the straw separating part counter-rotate. The study has revealed that an effective separation and the least grain crushing are observed at a cage rotation speed of 28…42 min–1, a rotor speed of 870…1000 min–1, and set feed rates of 8.5…12.3 kg/s. The developed design provides more intensive operation of the threshing-and-separating unit, due to the increased number of the options for adjusting the thresher, and also facilitates cleaning the separating gratings and prevents stem mass bundling.