ЛЕКСИЧНІ ЗАПОЗИЧЕННЯ У НЕОЛОГІЧНОМУ ВИМІРІ СУЧАСНОЇФРАНЦУЗЬКОЇМОВИ

Abstract

The article deals with the state of neologism processes and the dynamics of borrowing in the modern French language for the period 2015-2018, examines the theoretical foundations of the above-mentioned linguistic phenomena and a justified method of researching various aspects of neologisms and the results of the analysis of borrowings. The use of the Néoveille platform made it possible to semi-automatically detect, describe linguistically, and trace the temporal evolution of neologisms from three complementary points of view: temporal, linguistic, and socio-pragmatic. In the temporal aspect, it is important to distinguish three moments in the life of neologisms: appearance, possible distribution and possible lexicalization. Linguistic approach allows to describe formation mechanisms, as well as combinatorial and distributive properties of loanwords. A socio-pragmatic point of view makes it possible to identify the places where neologisms are used. By applying these points of view, a system capable of semi-automatically detecting lexical innovation and tracing its evolution on a large dynamic corpus was modeled. Borrowings make up about 6 % (or 1,429 tokens) of innovations in modern French [3]. About a thousand xenisms should be added to this number, as well as a significant number of other formations from borrowed bases. Over 90 % of these loanwords are of Anglo-American origin, while xenisms show more linguistic diversity. The spheres of human activity that are most open to borrowing are fashion, sports, technology, and the economy, and among the resources, the women's press, Parisian magazines, and the yellow press are the most fruitful. Borrowings, like all neologisms, are more than 75 % hapax or quasi-hapax, or rather neologisms with low or very low diffusion. The appearance of Anglo-American borrowings is explained both by the needs of the nomination and motivated by the prestige of the English language, which in recent decades,especially with the advent of digital communication, has acquired the status of a second integrated language used by the French in private and professional life. English plays the same role for most modern languages. This global lingua franca is an instantly accessible resource for lexical innovation and a provider of productive morphosyntactic patterns, usually of a synthetic nature, actively implemented in French. The study of neologisms of higher frequency shows that the popularity of social networks and some social practices contributed to the emergence of borrowings in many fields. The described parameters made it possible to present cases of diffusion of borrowings, not only through stabilized repetitions, but also to state certain linguistic phenomena, in particular, integration into the morphogrammatic subsystem of the French language.