Использование побочных потоков товарного производства нефтепродуктов

Abstract

Oily wastes, along with the problem of their disposal, comprise an inevitable factor in the processing and storage of oil and oil-derived products. Contemporary disposal methods such as landfill and incineration entail secondary pollution of environmental objects. However, since oily wastes contain valuable hydrocarbons, the search for new ways to extract them for use as components of the target products of oil refineries is an urgent task. The object of the study comprised oily wastes derived from an oilwell product of the commercial production of the Angarsk Petrochemical Company. According to the existing scheme, this product is combined with other oil-containing streams and sent for rectification. Thus, in 2017, 1,200 tonnes of secondary oil product were sent to the conversion unit. The transportation and processing of such a quantity of substrates leads to the release into the environment of more than 2 tonnes of harmful substances per year. The results of qualitative and quantitative analysis showed that the high content of gasoline fractions – predominantly n-alkanes C 5 –С 10 (more than 90% by weight) – in the hydrocarbon composition suggests the possibility of using the oilwell product as a component of motor gasolines without re-processing using the rectification method. However, the quality of the oilwell product, mainly in terms of water content and colour, is rather unstable. In order to select the preliminary preparation method for the oilwell product, tests of a bottom sample having a high water content (50% vol.) were carried out. It was established that sedimentation of the sample at a temperature of 22–23 °С for 4 hours leads to the effective separation of the water component. To reduce the influence of the colour factor of the oilwell product when adding it to motor gasolines, it is proposed to dilute it with other refinery by-products. The quality of laboratory samples of AI-92 and AI-80 gasolines obtained with the involvement of the prepared oilwell product complies with the requirements of GOST 32513. In order to scale the process of preparing the substation in order to use it as a component of motor fuels, Angarsk Petrochemical Company developed a simple, affordable technological scheme, based on mixing and separation processes using available equipment. The economic effect of the implementation of this measure will be about 3.7 million rubles per year. The proposed evaluation scheme and the method of separation of water-organic by-products for further use as a component of motor fuel are generic and can be applied to similar wastes from refineries and oil depots.