ОГНЕВЫЕ ИСПЫТАНИЯ АВТОНОМНЫХ ДЫМОВЫХ ПОЖАРНЫХ ИЗВЕЩАТЕЛЕЙ

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Рассмотрению подлежат результаты экспериментальных огневых испытаний автономных дымовых пожарных извещателей. Проанализированы положения международных и отечественных нормативных стандартов, регламентирующих требования к дымовым пожарным извещателям и методам их испытаний. Рассмотрены литературные источники по разработке стендов для проведения испытаний дымовых пожарных извещателей. В результате проведенных экспериментов получены числовые данные по времени срабатывания различных автономных дымовых пожарных извещателей при применении тестовых очагов пожара ТП-2 и ТП-7, уточнены условия их месторасположения, отличных от стандартных. Сделаны выводы о нецелесообразности применения тестового очага пожара ТП-7 для сертификационных испытаний автономных дымовых пожарных извещателей. Combustion of basic materials that are typical for residential and administrative facilities is accompanied by the release of smoke. Detection of smoke, which is a solid aerosol, is carried out by different type of smoke fire detectors, which have special technical requirements depending on the conditions of their use. Among the various types of smoke fire detectors, it is worth highlighting smoke detectors, which are one of the effective technical means for warning people in case of fires. Smoke fire detectors contain in a single housing a typical smoke detector and an audible and/or speech signal source that is triggered when the smoke alarm is activated. Smoke detectors are not connected to fire alarm system loops and operate autonomously. The sound signal of the smoke detectors can wake up sleeping person or notify a person in an adjacent room that smoke has begun to form. Installation of smoke detectors is relevant on residential sector facilities, hotel rooms, and hostels. The adopted provisions for fire testing of smoke fire detectors in international, regional and interstate standards require clarification of the types of test fires and determination of the conditions for fire testing of smoke fire detectors. According to State Standard GOST 34698, ISO 7240-9, EN 54-9, the room for fire testing has a height of 4 m. This height is not typical for residential and administrative buildings. The height of this type of buildings, as a rule, is not more than 3 m. The test fire source TP-7 is applied for rooms with a height of 3 m and less in accordance with ISO 7240-9, EN 54-9. To simulate a room height of 3 m, tests are carried out in a standard room with the test fire source installed at a height of 1 m from the floor level. Two series of experiments were carried out with test fire sources TP-2 and TP-7 that were installed on the floor and at a height of 1 m above the floor level. There were analyzed the test results, presented in the article in the form of graphs. There were found no significant deviations in the test results. It is concluded that the use of test fire source TP-7 during certification tests is not justified.