Структура та розвиток судин брижі кишечнику

Abstract

The review of the results of various scientific studies, reflecting the processes of age formation of morphological and functional features of the mesenteric intestinal vessels, is presented. In this case, it has been shown that the formation of the microcirculatory channel of mesentery begins in its separate segments. Firstly, there are separate arterial and venous loops, in the middle of which one can see the capillaries. The branched net of capillaries is gradually formed and the number of arterioles and venules increases, and their diameter also increases. This process is closely related to the age-related growth of the area of the mesentery segments themselves.The process of changing the conditions of the external and internal environment of the organism (starvation, gravitational influences, hypodynamia) causes the formation of morphological reactions from the side of the vessels of the microcirculatory channel of the intestinal wall and ripples that have a phase character.Nerve trunks can be often satellites of vessels. Since they approach the intestinal wall, their number and thickness significantly decreases. Sympathetic nerve trunks around the vessels form a highly developed plexus, in which both non-myelin and myelin fibers are detected. A great number of these fibers further includes the nerve mesh on the border between the outer and middle (muscle) vessels of the vessels. The density and structure of these nerve plexuses is significantly different in the arterial and venous vessels of mesentery.In addition to nerve fibers in the outer envelope of the vessels, the complex receptor structures of different sizes can also occur. In the surface layers of the outer vascular, or in the connective tissue around it, nerve cells are found, which are either single or micro-nodes. The neurons found can be divided by structure into: multipole or pseudo-unipolar. The arteries, which supply blood to the anterior sections of the intestine, are characterized by a greater saturation of the nerve cells compared with the vessels carrying the blood to its caudal regions. Embryonic development of the nervous structures of the vascular wall is closely related to the development of the vessels themselves, and especially the formation of their muscular membrane. The main trend of this process is directed to the gradual complication of the nervous components, which is reflected in the functional capabilities of the vessels.