합천 해인사 원당암 목조아미타여래삼존상의 특징과 제작시기

Abstract

Recent discovery of objects as enshrined relics concealed inside the wooden Amitabha triad of Wondangam hermitage at Haeinsa Temple provides important materials to estimate the manufacturing date of the triad. The purpose of this study is to estimate its date through a comprehensive examination of historical references and stylistic analysis.BR A large-scale reconstruction of Haeinsa Temple was undertaken for three years from 1488 to 1490. Its related documents can specify major donors for the grand-scale Buddhist project, and this reconstruction was lavishly supported by the Joseon royal court.BR Master Hakjo was in charge of the reconstruction project. The records that refer to his leading roles in the reconstruction of Wondangam in 1495 and the publication of Buddhist scriptures at the hermitage provide convincing evidence to succeed Buddhist projects of Haeinsa Temple led by Master Hakjo residing at Wondangam. BR The wooden Amitabha triad of Wondangam is composed of Amitabha, Avalokitesvara, and Ksitigarbha. Amitabha buddha of the triad can be compared with the Buddha statues of the late 15th century such as Amitabha Buddha at Heukseoksa Temple(1458) and at Cheonjusa Temple(1482). What makes it interesting is that these statues might lead to similar characteristics with other Buddha statues manufactured in North Gyeongsang Province.BR Kṣitigarbha statue of the triad is portrayed as a buddhist monk with shaven head, a typical iconographic feature of Kṣitigarbha during the first half of the Joseon period. The Avalokitesvara also shows similar features with Avalokitesvara statue of Gwaneumsa Temple(1502). Regarding its style, the Avalokitesvara of the triad might be able to confirm its date to the late 15th century.BR Moreover, the objects discovered from the triad such as sarira, cylindrical huryeongtong (候鈴筒), and the others, were closely linked to those from the Vairocana Buddha at Haeinsa Temple of 1490. The practice of consecrating Buddha statues by storing these objects as contents seems to have developed into a specific regional type including Haeinsa Temple area. In so doing, an examination of textual records can make the commission of the Amitabha triad match with the reconstruction of Wondangam in 1495 led by Master Hakjo.