조선 전기 도갑사 불상군의 특징과 제작 배경: 국립중앙박물관 유리건판 사진을 중심으로

Abstract

Recently released Dry Plate Photographs Collection of the National Museum of Korea include photos of Buddha and Bodhisattva statues enshrined in Dogapsa Temple. The statues have been known as remarkable examples of royal patronage in early Joseon Period but actual statues were destroyed by fire in 1977. Therefore, those photos have important meaning as very rare hystorical records of Dogapsa Temple.<BR> Sculptures of Dogapsa Temple, identified by the photos, are three Buddha and six Bodhisattva statues. Among three Buddha statues, the one enshrined in the center can be estimated to be produced in late Joseon Period, while the statues on the left and right sides are produced in the early Joseon Period.<BR> Six Bodhisattvas are composed of three pairs. The first pair, Ilgwang (日光) and Wolgwang (月光) bosal can be identified by the stone mortar and rabbit symbol on the center of the crown. Those share the same style as the Yaksa Buddha(藥師佛) statue enshrined on the left, suggesting that it was originally produced as Yaksa Buddha triad. And Dogapsa Myogakhwasangbi (妙覺和尙碑), built in 1693, include records related with those Yaksa Buddha triad. According to the records, Prince Yeongeung(永膺大君) was a main patron of Dogapsa Yaksa Buddha triad in 1457. The Yaksa Buddha triad of the inscription, made in 1457, is believed to refer to the triad of photos.<BR> The second pair wearing heavenly robe (天衣) is Gwaneum (觀音) and Daeseji (大勢至) bosal and the last pair is Gwaneum (觀音) and Jijnag (地藏) bosal. Those four statues have similar stylistic features so they can be estimated to produced by same group of sculptors. And a Buddha statue enshrined in Jogyesa temple shares a style with those four Bodhisattva statues. Considering a stylistic similarity and a record that the Jogyesa’s statue was came from Dogapsa temple, one of those two pairs and the statue of Jogyesa temple originally consisted of Amitabha Buddha Triad.<BR> And one Bokjang (服藏) record, known to be inside Gyeonseongam Buddha, is actually estimated to be component of foregoing Yaksa Buddha triad. There are many name of royal patron and high monks of Buddhism in the record. Among them, Prince Yeongeung (永膺大君) and Royal high monk Sumi (守眉) appear in common with the inscription of Myogakhwasangbi, so it prove the royal patronage of Dogapsa statues. The Bokjang (服藏) record also include prayer emphasizing the legitimacy of King Sejo (世祖) and hoping that the dynasty will be stable, it reflects the historical situation in the early days of King Sejo"s ascension. so it can be identified that Dogapsa temple has played an important role as a royal temple of Joseon Dynasty.