Анализ и векторы развития отрасли рисоводства

Abstract

Purpose: analysis of the state of rice industry for determining the points of further growth. Materials and methods. Materials of state and federal programs, technical reports of the FGBU “Management “Kubanmeliovodkhoz”, Rosstat, Krasnodarstat were used and analyzed. The research methodology is based on historical and system analysis. Data analysis was carried out using statistical software packages. Results. It has been stated that rice growing in Russia has been developing for about 100 years, from the beginning of the development of inappropriate lands in the regions of southern Russia, the Far East, Transcaucasia, Central Asia, and the Lower Volga region. It was found that at present the area of land reclamation systems for rice production is 407.8 thousand hectares, of which about 190 thousand hectares are used for rice crops, taking into account the crop rotation. The rice grain production output is 1.2 million tons annually, about 450 thousand tons of cereals are produced from it. It is shown that in connection with the increase in the rate of rice consumption from 4 to 7 kg/(year person), it is required to increase the production of cereals in the country consumer market up to 1.1 million tons in the future. The dynamics of rice yield growth due to the introduction of new varieties and technologies under climate change is substantiated. It has been determined that for the rice growing industry in the Krasnodar Territory, the water intake is 3.0 million m³, or 97 % of the total volume of water for irrigation, water supply is 2.5 million m³, of which about 500 thousand m³ are reused drainage water. It is shown that 40.4 thousand hectares of irrigated lands of the rice irrigation fund are in an unsatisfactory reclamation condition, including in terms of soil salinity, groundwater mineralization and their depth. Conclusions: the further development of the industry should be based on the introduction of new varieties of rice and technologies for their cultivation, rational water use, efficient use of land resources, maintaining the balance of the ecological system of the territories involved in rice growing.