Конструктивные решения и гидрометрические параметры трактов рыбоходно-нерестовых каналов с элементами усиленной шероховатости

Abstract

Purpose: to develop proposals for the design and methodology for calculating the hydrometric parameters of fish passage and spawning channel tracts at waterworks. Materials and methods. The factual basis of the work is data of hydrometric studies of the Nikolaevsky and Konstantinovsky fish passage and spawning channels and materials of technical justification of channel projects at the Bagaevsky and Kochetovsky waterworks on the river Don. The methodological basis of study was the results of the authors’ research and well-known recommendations for determining the parameters of channel tracts with enhanced roughness. Results. The hydrometric parameters of fish passage and spawning channels are accepted and calculated assuming the provision of necessary conditions for attracting anadromous fish into the channels, their passage from the downstream of the waterworks to the upstreams and the spawning of some of them in the tracts. The following parameters were considered: flow rate, average flow velocity, bottom depth and width, cross-sectional shape and slope ratio, underwater gradient and channel length, types and sizes of gravel-pebble channel coating and elements of enhanced roughness. As a result of the study, the recommendations for flow rates, flow velocities and depths, the choice of the cross-section of the channel, the type and size of fractions of the gravel-pebble mixture were proposed. A methodology for hydraulic calculation of the fish passage and spawning channel tracts has been developed for the accepted conditions of its operation taking into account the arrangement of the channel with enhanced roughness elements. To test the methodology, the hydrometric parameters of the conditional fish passage and spawning channel tract, equipped with enhanced roughness elements, with an average flow velocity of 0.9 m/s was calculated. Conclusion. Recommendations for calculating the hydrometric parameters of fish passage and spawning channel tracts with enhanced roughness elements and a methodology for such calculations that meet the requirements of fish farming and biological justification on formation of conditions for fish migration and spawning in their tracts are proposed.