ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ ЖИЛЫХ ЗДАНИЙ ОКОЛОНУЛЕВОГО ЭНЕРГОПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ

Abstract

In this study, the authors draw attention to the world issue of implementing measures to reduce the energy consumption of residential buildings. The statements of the international commission on the importance to reduce the need for a share of non-renewable carbonaceous energy sources are given. Examples of experimental design experience show the active development of this subject in many countries. This helps to identify the main techniques used for the construction of energy-efficient residential buildings - a compact planning solution, highly efficient building insulation, “intelligent” engineering systems, heat recovery, the use of alternative energy sources and more. The study defines buildings with nearly zero energy consumption - these are passive buildings with alternative energy generation systems to meet their own needs. The main provisions of the design of buildings of near-zero energy consumption are revealed: nearly zero, intellectual, mobility, multitasking, environmental friendliness, adaptability, symbolism, artistry. The study identifies the types of formation of a nearly zero energy-efficient building and options for ensuring energy efficiency - this is the building "line", the building "cube", the building "perimeter", the building "tower", the building "structure". The identified techniques and the developed basic provisions with the types of shaping are tested on a pilot project of a multifunctional residential complex of nearly zero energy consumption in the city of Samara. As a result, authors conclude that technical progress will allow buildings with nearly zero energy consumption to come to the practice of design, due to intelligent and efficient engineering solutions.