ПРИОРИТЕТЫ СЕЛЬСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАЗАХСТАН

Abstract

The problems of developing social and labor sphere in rural areas, as well as forming necessary living conditions for the rural population are considered. The main organizational and legal aspects of regulating the socio-economic development in rural areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period 1990-2020 are analyzed. The priorities of the state’s internal policy within the framework of special programs for the social development of the countryside and creating favorable conditions for the rural population are considered. Basing on the analysis, the main reasons for the outflow of the rural population to the cities are revealed: the lag of rural areas in comparison with urban ones in terms of cultural and living conditions, underdevelopment of social and engineering infrastructure in the countryside, low prestige of labor in agriculture due to low income, and unattractiveness of life in rural areas. This formulation of the issue, transferring the focus from the traditional agrarian problem of securing personnel to the territorial one, requires creating new approaches that would allow considering the countryside as an integral system of labor resource potential formation and reproduction. The need to create agro-towns by stimulating economically promising villages that are most favorable for living and to grow economic activity of labor resources is substantiated with the aim of preserving the way of rural life, expanding employment and attractiveness of labor in rural areas, as well as providing social and engineering infrastructure facilities with high-quality services. Measures are proposed to increase labor activity motivation of the rural population and the effective use of labor potential in agriculture on the basis of the socio-economic modernization of the rural economy, aimed at creating conditions for the growth of labor productivity in agriculture, the development of production and industrial relations, and ensuring productive employment in the countryside.