Эрих Фромм: критика и апология гуманизма

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to determine the humanistic potential of E. Fromm's philosophy in the context of the modern humanistic crisis. The article examines two sides of E. Fromm's humanism. The first side is the criticism of modern society from point of view of ideals of classical humanism. The second side is an apology for humanistic ideals in the context of a complex of dehumanistic phenomena and tendencies of the 20th century and the search for ways to revive and establish humanism in social practice. Criticism of the limitations of humanism by E. Fromm is associated with the disclosure of the main aspects of alienation of the individual in modern society. Fromm's humanistic ideal, an alternative to the contradictory and limited capitalist humanism, is described by the thinker using concepts such as "healthy personality", "positive freedom", "fruitful orientation", "love", "healthy society". Fromm's ideal of a healthy society is presented in his model of "humanistic socialism". Scientific novelty lies in the establishment of internal contradictions and limitations of the "radical humanism" of the thinker. As a result, it is proved that E. Fromm fails to find effective ways to overcome the dehumanistic processes generated by the development of capitalist society. The concept of the humanistic transformation of capitalist society, developed by the thinker, is a form of an abstract, utopian humanistic project. Therefore, the "radical humanism" of the thinker has only historical and cultural value, but did not become the program of actions and struggle of modern humanists. The practical sterility of abstract humanism does not mean its complete rejection, but stimulates the need to reach a qualitatively new historical form of humanism through constructive overcoming of its limitations.