Идея культуроцентризма в современной российской философии

Abstract

The concept of “cultural centrism” was traditionally used to characterize Russian philosophy of the 19th century, which was called culture-centric, since the issue of Russia's cultural identity was at the center of its attention. In Soviet Russia, the idea of culture-centrism fades into the background, as Marxist-Leninist philosophy positions culture as a superstructure on top of the economic basis. In post-Soviet Russia, as a result of the crisis of Marxist-Leninist philosophy, a serious epistemological shift is taking place — a transition from a formational approach to a civilizational one. Within the framework of the latter, culture is defined as the basis — the fundamental factor of social development. Thus, the idea of culture-centrism is actualized. The paper provides the analysis of various interpretations of the idea of culture-centrism in Russian philosophy of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The purpose of the study is to highlight the assessment of the worldview and methodological potential of this idea by leading Russian philosophers. The methodological apparatus of the research results out of synthesis of methods: qualitative content analysis in its historical and philosophical version, hermeneutics and comparative studies. The authors represent both apologetic and critical positions regarding the understanding of the worldview and methodological potential of the idea of cultural centrism, consider the possibility of turning this idea into the principle of social being and cognition. In conclusion, the paper comes up with the statement that the fate of the idea of culture-centrism in Russian philosophy will ultimately depend on how it manages to gain conceptual validity and scientific rigor.