원삼국시기 김해지역의 목관묘·목곽묘 전개와 구야국

Abstract

In the Gimhae region, wooden coffin burials first began to be constructed around the late second to early first century BCE (when archaic style wajil pottery first came to be used in the Yeongnam region) in a social context in which dolmen burials were still being used. The wide-spread use of wooden coffin burials in the Gimhae region took place from the mid first century CE, when the tradition of using dolmen burials came to an end. It is believed that the establishment of Guyaguk also occurred around this time.
 The construction of wooden coffin burials in the Gimhae region was at first limited to the Haebancheon River region (centered around the Daeseong-dong burial ground) and the Jomangang River region (centered around the Yangdong-ri burial ground). This use of wooden coffin burials can be seen to represent the stratified nature of Early Guyaguk society at the time, with burials containing bronze mirrors as grave goods likely having been the final resting place of political leaders. The distribution of bronze mirror burials indicates that the political center was not fixed during the Early Guyaguk phase.
 The construction of wooden chamber burials in the Gimhae region began at around the mid-second century CE, which is when new style wajil pottery made an appearance during the late Proto-Three Kingdoms period in the Yeongnam region. Wooden chamber burials in the late Proto-Three Kingdoms period were only constructed at burial grounds in the Haebancheon River region and at the Yangdong-ri burial ground in the Jomangang River region. The nature of the burials indicates that, compared to the early phase, the stratification of Guyaguk society had intensified.
 The presence of impressive wooden chamber burials at the Yangdong-ri burial ground, which date to the late Proto-Three Kingdoms and have yielded large iron weapons and rod-shaped iron axes, illustrate the development of the political power base. However, the fact that even greater wooden chamber burials were constructed at the Daeseong-dong burial ground indicates that the guk-eup (political center) which produced the political leader of Late Guyaguk society was a settlement based in the Haebangcheon River region. Nevertheless, it appears that the guk-eup’s control over the rest of the settlements was still relatively weak, which resulted in the construction of impressive wooden chamber burials at the Yangdong-ri burial ground as well.