Анализ инновационного развития отраслей российской экономики

Abstract

The coming decade in Russia has been declared the decade of science and technology, the goal of which is to achieve leading positions in a number of breakthrough industries. It is known that before the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia was a leader in space, nuclear energy, electronics, and certain types of high-tech industries. With the collapse of the USSR, Russian science, despite the adoption of the Federal Law “On Science and State Scientific and Technical Policy” [12], entered a ten-year period of destruction, which resulted in the loss of leading global positions in the field of science and an almost fourfold reduction in the areas of scientific research: so, if before 1992 the Russian Federation had a backlog of 95% of the world’s scientific areas, then by 2005 our country had a backlog of 23-25% of the world’s scientific areas. Since the mid-2000s. with the adoption of a number of laws and the beginning of the implementation of a package of new initiatives [11; 10; 13] managed to ensure positive dynamics in a number of innovation-oriented sectors of the economy and science. Active government policy and significant investments in the science and research sector allow Russia to maintain the fifth largest number of scientific personnel in the world. In turn, the developed human potential of science will contribute to achieving the goals of the Concept of Technological Development for the period until 2030 [7]. The article shows the features of the current stage of innovative development in the context of types of activities, identifies negative trends in reducing the level of competitiveness of innovative activities in the science and development sector, and substantiates the conclusion about the need to restore the planned parameters of scientific and technological development for the purpose of technological modernization of sectors of the Russian economy.