니브흐인의 전통 신앙과 전통 의례 연구

Abstract

The traditional culture of tribes contains their unique way of life and provides clues to distinguish their cultural similarities and unique characteristics. In this paper, we examined the Nivkh people's worldview, cult of water, the idea of the soul and afterlife and bear worship in terms of their traditional beliefs, and examined traditional funerals and traditional weddings in terms of traditional rituals. The Nivkh people, who have lived at the mouth of the Amur River for a long time, reflect the surrounding natural environment in their traditional beliefs. The Nivkh people, whose main livelihood was related to water, not only divided the world into the upper world, the middle world, and the lower world, but also divided the middle world into the three worlds of rivers, seas, and lakes. The importance of water to the Nivkh people is demonstrated by periodic offerings to the water god Tol yz. In the Nivkh people's view of the soul, the repetitive transition of the soul to the afterlife continues and each time the soul gets smaller in size and eventually turns into dust. And the idea of reincarnation in this world coexists. The Nivkh people's view of the underworld is characterized by the belief that the underworld is nearby and that it is not difficult to get there. The Nivkh people's bear festival clearly shows the clan characteristics, the kinship relationship between bear and the Nivkh people, and the exchange relationship between bear and the Nivkh people. The traditional funeral of the Nivkh people was cremation, which changed to burial after the 1940s, but some elements of past cremation continued. The most characteristic feature of the Nivkh traditional wedding is the pot-stomping ritual.