Енергетична ефективність виробництва свинини на комплексах

Abstract

Introduction. Historically, pig production in Ukraine is an important and traditional branch of livestock breeding. Compared to other types of farm animals, pigs have valuable beneficial features that guarantee them a greater advantage in the production of meat. Pigs have such biological features as multiplicity, fastness, viscidity, and high energy of growth. Industrial pig production is one of the most energy-intensive branches of agricultural production. Therefore, finding of ways to increase energy efficiency of production is important for large pork farms. Analysis of recent researches and publications . Modern production in complexes and farms requires a large amount of energy resources for pork production and includes the main stages of production: breeding young animals, reproduction of fattening stock, fattening pigs, fodder production, slaughter of animals and carcass processing. The analysis of the researches shows that the existing method of bioenergy evaluation of poultry production and livestock production (EI Bazarov, AA Kiva, VM Rubtstina, DA Tikhomirov, AN Vasiliev, Chmel A.I.) needs to be improved. Purpose. Development of a method for calculating the energy efficiency of production at pig farms. Methods. In order to optimize the energy flows in the complex, the energy balance is used, which includes the system of indicators and reflects the complete quantitative equality between the energy consumed and received in the products and waste in the same units. In order to effectively take into account all the components of energy consumption in the complex it is expedient to use a balanced energy expenditure model. We will show energy expenditures as the sum of all the components of energy inputs, both bioenergy and technical expenditures spent on production. The use of systematic bioenergy analysis enables to overcome the feasibility of feasibility studies for identifying non-renewable energy reserves. Therefore, this approach allows us to take into account not only the direct costs of fuel and energy, but also the costs of living labor of workers and employees. The use of systematic bioenergy analysis enables to overcome the feasibility of feasibility studies for identifying non-renewable energy reserves. Results. Using the bioenergy assessment of energy efficiency on the one hand allows us to state the state of energy balance, and on the other to determine the most energy-intensive links in the complex. From the energy point of view, pig production complexes in the process of production, depending on both the quantity and quality of products, serve as an evaluation criterion for the coefficient of bioenergy efficiency which is not a constant value. In order to effectively take into account all the components of energy consumption in the complex it is expedient to use a balanced energy expenditure model. We will show energy expenditures as the sum of all the components of energy consumption, both bioenergy and technical, spent on production. Discussion. he method of calculating the energy efficiency of production at pig farms is developed. Utilizing the bioenergy assessment of energy efficiency of pig production, the most energy-intensive links in the complex were found. Based on the analysis of the energy balance, we have found that, depending on the size of the complex, the efficiency of cultivating the product varies, namely, when the size increases, the energy efficiency coefficient increases and reaches its maximum value with the size of the complex 54 thousand head.