Перспективы развития современных сверхзвуковых пассажирских самолетов

Abstract

The paper presents fundamentals of the passenger aircraft supersonic dynamics. Basic information about design and technical characteristics is given, typical parameters of supersonic passenger aircraft are considered and main issues of their design are highlighted. Images are presented of the promising supersonic aircraft, which have competitive advantages due to the best technical, economic, operational and environmental performance. Key areas in ensuring design and development of the domestic supersonic passenger aircraft (SPA) of the next generation are given including the advanced scientific and technical solutions. It is postulated that acceptable ecological performance of the new generation SPA is necessary due to significant tightening of the national and international requirements to ecological characteristics of the civil aviation aircraft, namely in the context of the problem of minimizing harmful effects of the supersonic passenger aircraft on the environment. Ways are considered to ensure acceptable level of the sonic boom during flight at the supersonic cruising speed, compliance with noise standards in the airport area and in reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere. All this requires searching for new technical solutions, comprehensive analysis and selection of the most rational options for the SPA airframe aerodynamic scheme and its power plant. Russian and foreign scientific research, design and development works on the supersonic topics were analyzed. Economic efficiency of the civil aviation aircraft operation is considered with the prospect of flying at the supersonic speed. Difficulties in design and development of a supersonic passenger aircraft are noted. Contradictions that arise during design and development are shown. Namely, selection of the correct model for the aviation industry plays an important role and in most cases becomes the basis for taking an approach to solving a particular problem.