ВІЙСЬКОВИЙ ДИСКУРС ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЙОГО ПЕРЕКЛАДУ

Abstract

This article considers the concept and essence of the phenomenon of military discourse, reveals its structural features. The author focuses on the peculiarities of the functioning of military terms in the English military discourse, analyzes the general features of the translation of military discourse. The main translation transformations in the translation of military discourse were studied; the specifics of the transformation of English naval and air terminology in the Ukrainian translation were researched. After analyzing the terminological units in the sample of 230 cases of translation transformations, we can conclude that the most frequent type of translation transformation of military terminology from English into Ukrainian are the use of lexical translation transformations, in particular, calque (26 cases, or 11.3 %), transliteration (20 cases, or 8.7 %), lexical-semantic substitutions (52 cases, or 22.6 %), concretization of meaning (26 cases, or 11.3 %), generalization of meaning (16 cases, or 7 %), modulation (32 cases, or 13.9 %). Regarding grammatical transformations in the translation of military texts, the frequency of their use is as follows: grammatical substitutions (6 cases, or 2.6 %), sentence fragmentation (5 cases, or 2.2 %), sentence integration (3 cases, or 1.3 %), permutations (12 cases, or 5.2 %), zero translation (16 cases, or 7 %). Also, for the translation of military texts were used such translation methods as half-calque (2 cases, or 0.9 %); interpretation (3 cases, or 1.3 %); elimination (4 cases, or 1.7 %); explication (7 cases, or 3 %). As a rule, foreign terms have corresponding equivalents in the language of translation, therefore such receptions, as synonymous substitutions, descriptive translation, are used only in those cases when in the language of translation, the corresponding term is absent.