ПОНЯТТЯ «МАЄТОК» В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ КУЛЬТУРІ НАПРИКІНЦІ XVIII – НА ПОЧАТКУ XX ст.

Abstract

The aim of the article is to analyze the terms and definitions that using in scientific research of the manor estate culture of Ukraine at the end of XVIII – the beginning of XIX centuries. Also in the article determined the concept of «the manor estate». A scientific novelty of the article is consisted in the fact that for the first time, a historical and terminological analysis of the concept of «the manor estate» was conducted and the system of concepts of the manor estate culture of Ukraine at the end of XVIII – the beginning of XIX centuries was determined. The term «manor estate» is multifaceted in the Ukrainian culture at the end of XVIII – the beginning of XX centuries. It has come a long historical way and has been filled with new content at every stage. Thus there is no clear definition of «manor estate» in the literature. Sometimes there is noticeable confusion in research. The formation of concepts is influenced by economic, social, political, cultural spheres. It is lead to the formation of relationships between existing and newly formed terms. The manor estate was the center of economic life and economic development of the surrounding areas on the economic sphere. It became the basis for the development of the private sector, an element of economic freedom, an economic unit. The manor estate was a one of various settlements’ type on the social sphere. This is associated with a number of different terms, in particular, the most common of them – «homestead». It still causes a lot of confusion in modern scientific researches. «The manor estate» is seen as the property of various social stratums in the socio-political sphere. It gives a creation of different lifestyles and socio-political thought not only of the nobility but also of the bourgeoisie and the intelligentsia. Moreover, modern researchers consider estates as centers of accumulation and spread of culture and various arts in the socio-cultural sphere. They see in them a small homeland, a ancestral and cultural nest, a spiritual territory. After the historical and terminological analysis of the concept of «the manor estate» in Ukrainian culture it should be determinate by following meaning. The manor estate appeared as a complex multifaceted system of economic, socio-political and cultural aspects, based on landownership, entrepreneurship and private property. At the same time it was a unique type of settlement with the representative homestead and park grounds were the center of it. Also it was the center of formation and dissemination of culture, with special processes of organization of life and creativity. And all this could belong to representatives of different classes.