ТРАГЕДИЯ И ФАРС: О РОССИЙСКОЙ КОЛЛЕКТИВИЗАЦИИ 30 Х И ДЕКОЛЛЕКТИВИЗАЦИИ 90 Х ГГ. ХХ В.

Abstract

The article analyzes two historically important processes of radical restructuring of agrarian sphere in Russia in the XX century: the Stalinist collectivization of 1928–1937 (the creation of collective farms and state farms) and de-collectivization in the first half of the 90s. More attention is paid to the consideration of the collectivization of the Russian village. The Soviet films of the 30s told the mass audience about the goals and objectives of collectivization, and above all, the industrialization of the village. Industrialization was supposed to help us quickly get closer to a utopian future — the construction of a “world USSR”. The de-collectivization of the 90s appears as a historical farce, because, in fact, there was nothing significantly new in the reforms of the agricultural sector carried out under the leadership of Boris Yeltsin. The article shows that both events (collectivization and de-collectivization) were initiated by the authorities forcibly and did not take into account the readiness of rural residents for change. There was a tragic “radical change” not only in the type of management, but also in the life and psychology of millions of peasants. The analysis of the processes and results of collectivization and de-collectivization is based on the analysis of literary works and films.